Moj Diabel Stroz
(My Guardian Devil) (2011)

Review in Newsweek (Polish)
("My Guardian Devil" Love Intellectuals) (Click Image)

"A Study in Contrast" from July 10, 1992, narrated by pianist David Owen Norris: study_in_contrast.mp3

Polish Radio External Service "Focus - Rediscovering Czajkowski" from February 15, 2008, by Michal Kubicki: redisdcovering_czajkowski.mp3

Mark Rylance as Hamlet
Click here for the complete story of André Skull Bequest

Moj Diabel Stroz
(My Guardian Devil) (1988)

Moj Diabel Stroz
(My Guardian Devil) (1996)

Dowody Na Istnienie
(Proofs of Existence) (1996)

The Woman from Hamburg and other True Stories (2006)

Hanna Krall
(photo: Czeslaw Czaplinski)

XII Koncert Europejski
Olsztyn, Poland (2006)
Program Notes (in Polish)

Festival of Theatrical Music
Andrzej Czajkowski Essay (2008)
(in English) (in Polish)

Hi-Fi Magazine Article (2008)
Click here for pdf file (in Polish)
Click here for Hi-Fi Website

(read Interview)

David A. Ferré and
Anita Halina Janowska
Warsaw (2007)

Dr. Anastasia Belina-Johnson, David A. Ferré, Anita Halina Janowska
Warsaw (2012)

Judy Arnold and David A. Ferré
London (2016)

Anita Halina Janowska (1965)

Anita Halina Janowska (2010)

Obituary - Terry Harrison
(André's Longtime Manager)
August 26, 1937 - Jan, 23, 2017
(Click Here for pdf file)

www.polskamuza.eu article (November, 2010) by Malgorzata Czech for a concert in tribute to
André Tchaikowsky - Page 1
(in Polish)

www.polskamuza.eu review (November, 2010) by Malgorzata Czech for a concert in tribute to
André Tchaikowsky - Page 2
(in Polish)

www.polskamuza.eu interview (November, 2010) by Malgorzata Czech for a concert in tribute to
André Tchaikowsky - Page 3
(in Polish)

Krauthammer family (1992)
left-to-right Katherine Krauthammer-Vogt (André's 1/2 sister), David Ferré, Michel Vogt (Katherine's husband), Mrs. Eugenie Krauthammer (André's step-mother), Natalie Vogt (daughter of Katherine and Michel)

Hear Peter Kingston tell story of the bum at the keyboard

Yad Vashem (Holocaust Museum in Israel) report of the death of André's mother, Felicja Sandler - The respondent Klara LANDAU taught dance in Ramat Gan as the "Klara Landau-Bondy Ballet Studio" before her own death

Postcard to friends in Amsterdam
(January 1973)

Front Cover

Inside Front Cover

Page 1

Page 2

Page 3

Page 4

Page 5

Page 6

Page 7

Page 8

Page 9

Page 10

Page 11

Page 12

Page 13

Page 14

Page 15

Page 16

Page 17

Page 18

Page 19

Page 20

Inside Back Cover

Back Cover

Program from the Warsaw
Monographic Concert of
Andrzej Czajkowski Music (2010)

Autographed Concert Program
from June 1970

Concert Program
from October 1964

Dec. 17, 1960 note written by André that references the last movement of the Mozart Quintet K.515 (4th movement) (the purpose of the note is unknown)

Entry in the "Glossary of Jewish Composers of Music in 19th and 20th Century Poland" (Nov. 2014)

André responds to an autograph request, writing in German
(Dear Hauswurz, It is my pleasure to send you the desired autograph, and to wish your collection good development! I'm trying to learn German and this card helps me to practice the language ... All the best, yours, Andre Tchaikowsky)

Pianist Norma Fisher and webmaster David A. Ferré (1986)

Music Program (1964)

Music Program (1960)

Concert Review (1958)

Ruch Muzyczny (Musical Movement) magazine advertising. The cover reads, "In this issue: Andrzej Czajkowski - a Polish Jew and a homosexual in Bregenz written by Tomas Cyz"

Quote: André was definitely one of the great eccentrics; my favourite saying of his concerned the “improving machine,” which he insisted the BBC must have somewhere on the premises - “I come and make these awful recordings, you put them in the improving machine for a few months and they come out sounding wonderful!” The other great André-ism should ring a bell with any honest pianist confronted by a passage marked “espr.”: “I did not play it very well but I pulled a very expressive face.”

Aleksander Laskowski, Dr. Anastasia Belina, David A. Ferré (webmaster) (2012)

South American Tour (1960s)

(1950) Letter from
Andrzej Czajkowski to
Jean-Léon Cohen
(A farewell letter with Andrzej returning to Poland)

My dear Jean- Léon,

Would you like to come on Sunday at midday to our place for lunch? Our lovely friend George P(?) will be there also. Finally I can invite you, and I hope that, for once, my grandmother will not be ill. I hope very much that it will happen, because without a doubt this will be our last meeting before our departure to Poland. The Sonatina is finished; I will find something else to go with it. If I give a concert there, Marche Funebre will be the last number in the programme. I will need to learn it.

Greetings and until Sunday at midday.

Hello from Monsieur Boy and Madame Margot-Pouce.

Your friend,
André Czajkowski - Jew

André letter to a fan (1971)

Harrison|Parrott Promo (1976)

Polish pianist Maciej Grzybowski
(plays everything written by
Andre Tchaikowsky)

André Autograph (date unknown)

Horsham Music Circle Recital Program - May 10, 1968
(André subs for Clifford Curzon)

French Radio Broadcasts (2018)

Radio Show 1 of 5
Radio Show 2 of 5
Radio Show 3 of 5
Radio Show 4 of 5
Radio Show 5 of 5

Austrian Concerto Concert
September 2, 1964
Conductor: Hans Schneider
Beethoven Concerto No. 1
Brahms Concerto No. 2

Hallé Orchestra
December 2, 1960
Conductor - Tauno Hannikainen
Piano - Andre Tchaikowsky
Rachmaninoff - Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini

2nd Concert in New York City (1957)

Miscellaneous
This page lists various miscellaneous items related to the life of André Tchaikowsky, including radio programs, concerts dedicated to André's compositions, magazine articles, books, the skull story (opens new window) and so forth. Each item is listed below with the newest item first. In the left column are individual items such as the Yad Vashem (Holocaust Museum in Israel) report of the death of André's mother, Felicja Sandler [Rappaport] and some photographs.

(2019) Thesis - Analysis in André Tchaikowsky's String Quartet No. 2, Inventions, and Self-composition
Yi-han Hsiao, a composition student in Taiwan, writing her Master's Thesis on the compositions of André Tchaikowsky, reported that her thesis has been accepted, has been published, and she has achieved his Master"s Degree. Congratulations to Yi-han. Written in Chinese, with some small portions in English, you can see the entire thesis by Clicking Here. This is a large PDF file of 233 pages (40Mb).

x

(2018) Radio: Remembering André Tchaikowsky, Pianist / KZSU 90.1 / Palo Alto, California
A radio program broadcast on FM station KZSU 90.1 (the radio station of Stanford University, Palo Alto, California) took place on Sunday, June 17, 2018 and featured Andre Tchaikowsky as a pianist. Hosted by Gary Lemco for his weekly program, The Music Treasury, the broadcast also featured the well-known piano aficionado, Mark Ainsley, who added valuable commentary to the program. Click Here for program details (JPG file); Click Here for the program audio (2 hours).

(2017) Event: Terry Harrison Memorial Concert / London
On October 12, 2017, the London Wigmore Hall was given over for a memorial concert honoring Terry Harrison, who passed away in January 2017 at the age of 79. Terry was Andre's longtime and some would say long-suffering manager at the agency Harrison-Parrott. Indeed, Terry was the hero in Andre's life, maintaining a concert career for a pianist who didn't want, but needed a career. Click Here for a newspaper obituary for Terry. Below are some concert details (played by Radu Lupu, András Schiff, and Yuuko Shiokawa) and some candid photos from the concert reception (click any image for a larger view). See Terry in this TV broadcast that talks about Andre's skull used in Hamlet.

András Schiff, Radu Lupu on stage (l to r)	Judy Arnold, Eve Harrison, Norma Fisher (l to r)	Norma Fisher and Radu Lupu at the reception
Radu Lupu and Judy Arnold	András Schiff and Judy Arnold	Schiff and Stephen Kovacevich

(2017) Award: David Pountney wins award for The Merchant of Venice opera
The 3rd edition of the Polish award for musical criticism called "Konkurs Polskich Krytykow Muzycznych" or KROPKA for short, was won by David Pountney. Click Here for the original award Internet link or Click Here for an image file. This award to Pountney was the direct result of his article for the The Guardian newspaper on 15 September 2016 titled "André Tchaikowsky: from Warsaw to Belmont via a wardrobe." Click Here for the original Internet link for this article or Click Here for an image file.

(2017) Lecture - André Tchaikowsky, Polish, British, or Cosmopolitan? Cambridge (UK)
Cambridge University, Music Department, has announced a lecture scheduled for May 10, 2017 titled André Tchaikowsky, Polish, British, or Cosmopolitan? The presenter will be Dr. Anastasia Belina-Johnson, author of "A Musician Divided - André Tchaikowsky in his own words." This lecture is a part of Colloquia events, which are held on Wednesday evenings in the Recital Room of the Faculty of Music, West Road. Events are followed by discussion and a drinks reception with the speaker. Admission is free and open to the general public.

(2917) Lecture - André Tchaikowsky, Challenges for a Biographer, Helsinki, Finland
Uniarts Halsinki presented a lecture on May 4, 2017 titled André Tchaikowsky, Challenges for a Biographer. The presenter wasDr. Anastasia Belina-Johnson, author of "A Musician Divided - André Tchaikowsky in his own words."

(2017) Film - Rebel of the Keys Wellington, NZ / Auckland, NZ
Producers of the documentary film about André Tchaikowsky called Rebel of the Keys, have announced two showings in New Zealand. The first showing took place at the University of Wellington (Click Here) on March 31st; the second showing took place at the Rialto Cinemas Newmarket in Auckland (Click Here) on April 3rd. Each showing included a Q&A session with Dr. Anastasia Belina-Johnson, and in the case of the Auckland showing, the Q&A session includes professor Heath Lees. To hear an interview about Rebel of the Keys, see below or Click Here for the Internet link.

(2017) Event - Rebel of the Keys; Seven Sonnets; Lecture (London)
A portion of the André Tchaikowsky documentary, Rebel of the Keys, was shown on March 24, 2017, at the Ognisko Polskie, London, SW7. This program included an introduction to the life of André Tchaikowsky by Dr. Anastasia Belina-Johnson, author of "A Musician Divided - André Tchaikowsky in his own words." Live music of André Tchaikowsky's Seven Sonnets of Shakespeare (1967) was performed by Nico de Villiers (piano) and Rosanna Cooper (mezzo). Click Here for a promotional description. There was a special performance of a piano work that was dedicated to André, composed by Stephen Roche and played by Henry Roche, plus a well-known London artist, Rodolfo Villaplana, displayed his painting of André. (This painting is available for purchase and you can write to the artist directly - Click Here.) The event was reviewed by James Brewer and posted on a popular website. Click Here for the website or Click Here for an image file. This event also inspired a brief essay by Alec Coles-Aldridge (Click Here for pdf file). Images from the event appear below.

Click Here for a YouTube Rebel of the Keys trailer

(2017) Film - Rebel of the Keys (London)
The André Tchaikowsky documentary, Rebel of the Keys, is scheduled for a repeat performance on February 7, 2017 at the JW3 London Jewish Cultural Center. Click Here for the Rebel of the Keys website; Click Here for the JW3 announcement of the film.

Click Here for a YouTube Rebel of the Keys trailer

(2016) Film - Rebel of the Keys (London)
The first complete showing of the André Tchaikowsky documentary, Rebel of the Keys, took place on July 11, 2016 at the JW3 London Jewish Cultural Center. Click Here for the Rebel of the Keys website; Click Here for the JW3 announcement of the film; Click Here for the Polish Culture announcement (in Polish); Click Here for more about the film from the Polish Culture website.

Click Here for a YouTube Rebel of the Keys trailer

Click Here to read the official posting about this showing on the Rebel of the Keys website. (Image below is from the screening).

(left to right, producer Liz Smith, filmmaker Mark Charles, commentator Dr. Anastasia Belina-Johnson)

(2016) Andrzej Czajkowski, 1955 Chopin Competition Remembered
This Polskie Radio Broadcast (in Polish) discusses the playing of Andrzej Czajkowski at the 1955 Chopin Competition, where Andrzej won 8th prize. The source of the music being played is from a Chopin Institute CD (for music samples from the CD, Click Here).

(2015) Happy Birthday André Tchaikowsky, 80 years old (Warsaw)
An Andrzej Czajkowski 80th Birth Anniversary Concert was celebrated in Warsaw on November 30, 2015. Presented as part of the Warsaw Philharmonic 2015-2016 concert season and in cooperation with the Adam Mickiewicz Institute 15th Anniversary, the concert featured pianist Maciej Grzybowski playing the André Tchaikowsky Sonata for Piano and The Inventions. The second part of the concert was a 60-minutes documentary film (edited to 60 minutes from the original 90 minutes) about André Tchaikowsky called Rebel of the Keys. The film was produced by Entertaining:TV with film maker Mark Charles. Click Here for the complete event program (PDF file). Click Here for a concert review in the original French; Click Here for a concert review in English (via Google Translator). Click Here for a film description on the culture.pl website. Click images below for a larger view.

(2015) Happy Birthday André Tchaikowsky, 80 years old (London)
Candid photos from the November 1st, 2015 Happy Birthday André Tchaikowsky Concert. Works performed included Ariel, Seven Sonnets of Shakespeare, and excerpts from the film, Rebel of the Keys. Thanks to Judy Arnold for these photographs. Click Here to see the program and all the participants (PDF file) including: Mark Bibbins conductor, Amy Lyddon mezzo-soprano, Jonna Järvitalo flute, Sarah Bence oboe, Melissa Youngs clarinet, Joel Ashford horn, Peter Bolton bassoon, Catrin Meek harp, Svetaslav Todorov piano/celeste, Nico de Villiers piano, Sarah Lenny mezzo-soprano, and Rosanna Cooper mezzo-soprano.

(2015) Ruch Muzyczny, Andrzej Czajkowski Retrospective
The classical music magazine of Poland, Ruch Muzyczny (Musical Movement) for their October 2015 issue featured a cover photograph of Andrzej Czajkowski from New Zealand and important articles detailing the life of Andrzej Czajkowski. Links to the articles in the magazine appear below (in Polish):

Warsaw Survivor | My Guardian Devil 1, 2, 3, 4 | Sideline Remarks | Musician Torn

(2015) The Jewish Chronicle "Demons that so haunted and then inspired a survivor"
Appearing in the June 8, 2015 edition of the Jewish Chronicle is this article by Gloria Tessler. Click Here for the online version from the Jewish Chronicle website, or Click Here for a PDF version of the article.

(2015) Narodowy Instytut Audiowizualny (NInA) interviews Maciej Grzybowski
The Narodowy Instytut Audiowizualny (National Audiovisual Institute) interviewed pianist Maciej Grzybowski in advance of his May 30, 2015 recital celebrating the dedication of a new NIna facility. This recital program includes The Inventions by André Tchaikowsky. Click Here for the NInA website, or Click Here for an mp3 audio file.

(2015) Ruch Muzyczny Magazine - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (Parts 1 to 12)
The January 2015 issue of Ruch Muzyczny (Musical Movement) magazine featured part of 1 of a multi-part article called Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista. Written in Polish by pianist Maciej Grzybowski, this series of articles (in Polish) is available using the links below:

Ruch Muzyczny January 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (1 of 12) - Click Here
Ruch Muzyczny February 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (2 of 12) - Click Here
Ruch Muzyczny March 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (3 of 12) - Click Here
Ruch Muzyczny April 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (4 of 12) - Click Here
Ruch Muzyczny May 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (5 of 12) - Click Here
Ruch Muzyczny June 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (6 of 12) - Click Here
Ruch Muzyczny July 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (7 of 12) - Click Here
Ruch Muzyczny August 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (8 of 12) - Click Here
Ruch Muzyczny September 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (9 of 12) - Click Here
Ruch Muzyczny October 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (10 of 12) - Click Here
Ruch Muzyczny November 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (11 of 12) - Click Here
Ruch Muzyczny December 2015 - Andrzej Czajkowski: Pianista (12 of 12) - Click Here

(2014) Ruch Muzyczny Magazine - Five articles remembering Andrzej Czajkowski
The November 2014 issue of Ruch Muzyczny (Musical Movement) magazine featured five individual articles centered on remembering Andrzej Czajkowski by Michal Klubinski, Magdalena Borowiec, Barbara Schabowska, Aleksandra Mazlowska, and Maciej Grzybowski (in Polish). Click Here for a PDF copy of the articles.

(2014) Exhibition - "The Other Tchaikowsky" University of Warsaw
A special exhibit from the University of Warsaw Andrzej Czajkowski Archive was displayed to coincide with the presentation of the Andrzej Czajkowski opera performances of October 2014 at the Warsaw Opera House. Curator Magdalena Borowiec titled the exhibit: "The Other Tchaikowsky," which was given a prominent place within the library complex and was visited by 100s of interested persons. Click Here for a webpage announcing the exhibit; click any photo below for a more detailed display.

(2014) Documentary "Rebel of the Keys"
A London production company, Entertaining:TV, has announced the title of their upcoming film-length documentary about André Tchaikowsky called "Rebel of the Keys." Click Here for the documentary website. The director of the documentary is Mark Charles and producer is Liz Smith. Click Here for a film description on the culture.pl website. Screenings will be announced on the Rebel of the Keys website. Entertaining:TV has also produced a short video: "The Other Tchaikowsky" on Vimeo (Click Here). Also produced was a 45-minute version of "The Other Tchaikowsky" that was broadcast on Austrian Television with German subtitles. Lastly, on the DVD release of the opera "The Merchant of Venice," there is a 50-minute documentary "Journey to Bregenz - The Planning of an opera."

Click Here for a YouTube Rebel of the Keys trailer

(2014) Andrzej Czajkowski - Legend of a brilliant nonconformist
The Fryderyk Chopin University of Music in Warsaw, Poland is hosting a conference "Chamber Music with Piano" on April 5 and 6, 2014. The Andrzej Czajkowski portion of the conference takes place on April 6th at 16:30 with a discussion group featuring pianist Maciej Grzybowski, author Anita Halina Janowska, violinist Wanda Wilkomirska, and professor Jerzy Marchwinski. The topic is "Andrzej Czajkowski - Legend of a brilliant nonconformist." This is followed directly with a concert of Andrzej Czajkowski's music at 18:00 with pianist Maciej Grzybowski and students of the university. The main works scheduled for performance are the Sonata for Clarinet and Piano and the Trio Notturno. Click Here for a program of events (PDF file).

(2014) Radio - Andrzej Czajkowski, Artysta Rozdarty [Artist Torn] (Polish)
Broadcast on March 17, 2014 on Polskie Radio Dwójka, this 2-hour-length radio documentary (in Polish) includes commentary by Dr. Anastasia Bellina-Johnson (author of the new biography "A Musician Divided: André Tchaikowsky in His Own Words,") Anita Janowska, Józef Kanski, Jerzy Marchwinski i John O’Brien, Maciej Grzybowski, David Pountney, Michal Bristiger, Katarzyna Naliwajek-Mazurek i Jacek Kaspszyk, and Aleksandre Laskowski. Click Here for the original radio webpage; Click Here for original radio webpage as a *.jpg image.

Hear Complete broadcast as an *.mp3 file: artist_torn.mp3 (100Mb) (nominal 2 hours)

(2014) "Project Czajkowski" Warsaw Concert
Celebrating Chopin's birthday, smolna.org presented a 5th annual series of free concerts between February 22nd and March 1st, 2014. A concert on February 26th was called "Project Czajkowski" and featured pianists Jakob Fichert and Nico de Villers, playing the music of André Tchaikowsky, with commentary given by Dr. Anastasia Belina Johnson (simultaneous translation to Polish by Hanna Milewska). Click Here to learn more about smolna.org; Click Here to view the concert-series poster. Click Here for venue photograph. Below, Nico de Villers in performance, playing the André Tchaikowsky Sonata for Piano.

(2014) MusicWeb International Reviews Volume 1: Music for Piano CD
Stephen Greenbank reviews the first music CD dedicated to the compositions of André Tchaikowsky. Included on the CD are the Piano Concerto Opus 4, The Inventions, and Piano Sonata. Click Here to learn more.

(2014) Music Matters Radio Broadcast
From the BBC website for the broadcast: "Polish composer and pianist André Tchaikowsky is the subject of a new book by Anastasia Belina-Johnson, Tom talks to the author as well as pianist Stephen Kovacevich and opera director David Pountney about this fascinating yet complex musician." Click Here for the online link to the broadcast; Click Here for an mp3 file of the broadcast (André Tchaikowsky portion only) or use the player feature below.

(2014) MusicWeb International Reviews "A Musician Divided"
Stephen Greenbank reviews the new biography: "A Musician Divided - André Tchaikowsky in his Own Words," edited by Dr. Anastasia Belina-Johnson, with a Forward by David Pountney. Click Here to learn more.

(2014) André Tchaikowsky Music For Piano Volume 1 "Album of the Week"
Featured on the popular Norman Lebrecht "Slipped Disc" website (Click Here), Toccata Classics release of André Tchaikowsky Music for Piano Volume 1 received 4 out of 5 stars in this review (Click Here). Another version on the Culture.pl website (Click Here - in English).

(2014) Andrzej Czajkowski-Hamlet pianistyki? (Polish)
Informative article from MEAKultura website by Aleksandra Maslowska (Click Here). For PDF version, Click Here. Written in Polish.

(2013) Leeds Monographic Concert and Symposium
André's biographer, Dr. Anastasia Belina-Johnson, who is also a Head of Classical Music department at Leeds College of Music and a member of LUCOS (Leeds University Centre for Opera Studies), organized a concert on André Tchaikowsky's birthday (November 1st, 2013) dedicated to his compositions (he would have been 78 years old). Featured was:

The Symposium on the same day was from 10am until 4pm and included speakers such as David Pountney, the Artistic Director of Welsh National Opera; Anastasia Belina-Johnson revealed her newly published biography of André called: A Musician Divided: André Tchaikowsky in his own Words (published by Toccata Press); a new CD of André Tchaikowsky piano music was released by Toccata Classics. Click Here for the event program (PDF file).

(2013) Arab Times article "Polish artist Andre’s star rises after death"
Published by the Arab Times, Monday, October 28, 2013, is this news article by Cezary Owerkowicz. Mr. Owerkowicz is chairman of the Kuwait Chamber of Philharmonia and talented pianist. Click Here to read the article (pdf).

(2013) The Jewish Music Renaissance in Poland and Germany
On September 15-17, 2013, the De Musica Association and the Museum of the History of Polish Jews presented an international conference devoted to the music of Jewish composers and the influence of Jewish culture in music. Papers and lectures included the works of Seweryn Barbag, Mieczyslaw Weinberg and Andrzej Czajkowski. Click Here for the program in English ; Click Here for the program in Polish.

(2013) My Guardian Devil (The Play)
Besides featuring the world premiere of André's opera, The Merchant of Venice, the 2013 Bregenz (Austria) Festival also included eight other André Tchaikowsky compositions, a 2-day Symposium on the life and times of André Tchaikowsky, and several "Poetry and Music" events. For the first Poetry and Music event on July 20, 2013, the play "My Guardian Devil" was performed in English by "Narrator" Aleksander Laskowski of the Adam Mickiewicz Institute (who also translated the play from Polish), then "André" was David Pountney intendant of the festival, while "Halinka" was actress Geertje Boeden. The play was based on the book, Moj Diabel Stroz (My Guardian Devil) by Anita Janowska (see below). A transcript of the play is in preparation. (As one who was in attendance, this was a gripping and hilarious event, and more must be done to see this on stage.)

(André) Dear Funnyface, I'm in New York and found your three letters. I read them in the wrong order and got everything mixed up. Then I picked my nose and drew some conclusions: Halinka, you can't leave Marek now. Even if we spent fifty years together, had more children than Haydn symphonies and made love in every possible position, it won't work.

  

(2013) Quote from Christopher Seaman's book, Inside Conducting
Published in June 2013 and reviewed by The Spectator (Click Here), Chapter Nine includes the quote: "What do conductors actually do? Some are skeptical. The Polish pianist André Tchaikowsky told Christopher Seaman that he never looked at conductors ‘because he couldn’t understand what any of them were doing’."

(2011) Moj Diabel Stroz (My Guardian Devil)
An updated and enhanced 3rd edition of Moj Diabel Stroz hit the Polish bookstores in early July, 2011 (see information on previous 1988 and 1996 editions below). Published by W.A.B. as part of the Fortuna i Fatum (Fortune and Fate) series of books that features vivid portraits of interesting characters with diaries, letters, and memories of those who knew them. This book (in Polish) may be purchased from W.A.B. (Click Here), or other online books sellers such as Empik (Click Here). (An English version is in preparation.)

Culture.pl Click Here for online review of the 3rd edition by the Culture.pl website for Literature (in Polish only).

Remigiusz Grzela (Polish novelist, poet and playwright): "These letters between Andrzej Czajkowski and Anita Halina Janowska are a case without precedent. I have never read of such correspondences. He, an artist suffering in long periods of depression, who is homosexual and a child of the ghetto, while she, trained in criminology and psychology of crime, is a dreamer escaping from realism. They exchanged letters for more than 20 years, which are full of love, sometimes hatred, worship, pain, strife, humiliation, contempt, and masochism. What a read!"

Anna Bojarska (Polish author): "I read this book in one breath, with the highest admiration, and I would implore people, for heaven's sake, do the same!"

Roswitha Matwin-Buschmann (German author and translator): "This exchange of letters is one of the most fascinating books I have ever read. This is an authentic document of history 'written by life' that has become - after selections by Halina with the consent of Andrzej - literature, because the sensitivity, incorruptible intelligence, capacity for critical reflection on himself, and then the intellectual horizons and undeniable literary talent of both authors. You can read this book entrusted to us in two dimensions: as an intimate confession and as a human gripping psychological novel."

Wislawa Szymborska (Polish author, recipient of the 1996 Nobel prize for literature): "You have made me enormously happy with this book. So little is known about Andrzej Czajkowski, that this correspondence provides an invaluable source of information on him, as a musician and as a person... Besides that, it is a genuine love story, about the difficult, complicated, but constantly revived relations between two remarkable people."

Jacek Borowski (Newsweek Magazine) "They fall in love in the mid-50s at the Warsaw Conservatory, but he goes abroad, starts a brilliant career as a pianist, travels the world, nay, even changes his sexual orientation. And she's getting married again and again, each time caring for the dying-in-agony husbands, but also raising a daughter. Both have ambitious: he begins to compose, and she completes a PhD. Over the years, they send each other letters in which they profess their love. Feelings in the letters are not only divulged, but also analyzed. Why and what do they love? Do you love love itself? A must read for anyone who has ever loved." Click Here for the original online article (in Polish).

(2010) Warsaw Monographic Concert of Andrzej Czajkowski Music
From October 27, 2010, held at the Sala Kameralna, Warsaw, Poland. This concert honored the 75th anniversary of Andrzej's birth in 1935. The complete program, page-by-page, is in the left column.

(2008) Television Broadcast about Hamlet and André's Skull
A television broadcast about the Royal Shakespeare Company bringing Hamlet, and André's skull, to London. For the video, Click Here. Click Here for just the audio. Voices: Jon Snow, Stephanie West, Terry Harrison, and Judy Arnold.

(2008) Hi-Fi i Muzyka Magazine
The September 2008 issue of the Polish magazine, Hi-Fi i Muzyka, featuring an excellent article about Andrzej Czajkowski, written by Hanna Milewska. Click Here to read this article as a PDF file (in Polish).

(2008) Festival of Theatrical Music
From the Warsaw, Poland Festival concert of May 19, 2008, featuring an all-Czajkowski program, with performers:

Urszula Kryger - Mezzo Soprano
Krzysztof Zbijowski - Clarinet
Marcin Suszycki - Violin
Karol Marianowski - Cello
Maciej Grzybowski - Piano

... and compositions:

Sonata for Clarinet and Piano (Grzybowski and Zbijowski)
The Inventions (Grzybowski)
Seven Sonnets of Shakespeare (Grzybowski and Kryger)
Trio Notturno ( (Grzybowski, Suszycki, and Marianowski)

...and an essay on Andrzej Czajkowski written by pianist Maciej Grzybowski available as PDF file in English or in Polish. Click here for PDF about Maciej Grzybowski.

(2008) Polish Radio Broadcast
Polish Radio External Service "Focus - Rediscovering Czajkowski" from Feb. 15, 2008, narrated by Michal Kubicki: rediscovering_czajkowski.mp3

This includes a performance of Invention No. 9 from the André Tchaikowsky composition, the "Inventions," as played by Maciej Grzybowski.

(2006) Geniusz Zapomniany? (Genius forgotten?)
From the XII Koncert Europejski in Olsztyn, Poland, Sala Koncertowa Filharmonii Warminsko-Mazurskiej, a concert on March 24, 2006, featuring the compositions of Andrzej Czajkowski. Performers are:

Urszula Kryger - Mezzo Soprano
Krzysztof Zbijowski - Clarinet
Marcin Suszycki - Violin
Karol Marianowski - Cello
Maciej Grzybowski - Piano

... and compositions:

Sonata for Clarinet and Piano (Grzybowski and Zbijowski)
The Inventions (Grzybowski)
Seven Sonnets of Shakespeare (Grzybowski and Kryger)
Trio Notturno ( (Grzybowski, Suszycki, and Marianowski)

Click here for PDF program notes (in Polish). Click here for PDF about Maciej Grzybowski.

(2006) The Woman from Hamburg and other True Stories
The English version of author Hanna Krall's book Dowody Na Istnienie (Proofs of Existence) is The Woman from Hamburg and other True Stories. As in the Polish version, the "Hamlet" story tells of Andrzej Czajkowski (André Tchaikowsky), his struggle, his survival, and his skull donation. (In English)

Of this book, Publishers Weekly writes:

The grim and the surreal portentously collide in Krall's 12 genre-bending pieces, all shadowed by the brutal facts of the Holocaust. In "Hamlet," Andrzej Czajkowski, a Polish piano impresario and composer who survived WWII as a child hiding in wardrobes, bequeaths his skull to the Royal Shakespeare Company. ...These investigations are stitched with information culled from diverse sources: interviews, an encyclopedia, state archives, diary entries, photographs and letters. Krall's prose is compressed, unadorned and journalistic. Braiding history with imagination, she produces necessary accounts that incisively unveil and interrogate the ruptured historical legacy of Jews after WWII.

Of the "Hamlet" story, the New York Times writer Elena Lappin reports:

''Hamlet,'' the story of Andrzej Czajkowski, a Polish-born gay Jewish pianist who donates his skull to the theater, is the most fascinating, problematic and personally revealing story in Krall's collection. Although they never actually met, Czajkowski and Krall were contemporaries. She addresses him as ''you'' throughout, telling him, a little judgmentally, the story of his life as she sees it: grandparents, parents, his early childhood in the Warsaw ghetto. Czajkowski was smuggled out to the Aryan side with his grandmother, while his mother chose to stay with her lover in the ghetto and later was murdered in Treblinka. The boy grows up with an inner rage against his mother.

This book is available from several online sources including Amazon.com.

(1996 2nd Edition) (1988 1st Ed.) Moj Diabel Stroz (My Guardian Devil)
After leaving Poland for good in 1956, André began a life-long correspondence with his good friend, Anita Halina Janowska who put together a book of letters titled Moj Diabel Stroz (My Guardian Devil). These amusing letters transverse wide-ranging feelings and sensibilities, and can alternately be silly, serious, even devastating. First published in 1988 under Anita Halina Janowska's pen name, Halina Sander, a newer printing in 1996 shows the author's real name. Click Here for Moj Diabel Stroz (in Polish) as a PDF file.

The Polish Book Institute (Instytut Ksiazki) is a national institution established by the Polish Ministry of Culture and exists to popularize the best Polish books and their authors. They provided the following review (in English) for Moj Diabel Stroz:

This exchange of letters is one of the most fascinating books I have read. Its subject is two people, a man and a woman, whose correspondence lasts for over a quarter century. Anita Halina Janowska (Halina Sander), who was born in 1933, a pianist, doctor of sociology, and writer, and Andrzej Czajkowski (André Tchaikowsky), born 1935, an eminent pianist and composer, meet each other, at ages seventeen and nineteen respectively, at the conservatory in Warsaw, and they at once feel a strong mutual attraction.

Although they take their first steps on the same path together, Andrzej's international career lures him forever to a life abroad. Their love, friendship, and devotion to each other would be tended from then on in separation and at a distance, and undergo on either side the most varied transformations - from total emotional dependence through self-mythologization, to the disappointment of mutual expectations and their "final break," the finality of which - a minor detail compared to their life-long involvement -l lasted only four years... This authentic document, this history "written by life," has become - through Halina's edition and selection, with the consent of Andrzej - a work of literature.

The expressiveness, uncompromising intelligence, capacity for critical self-reflection, and the intellectual horizons and indisputable literary talent of both authors allow us to read the book on two levels: as an intimate, human confession confided in us alone, and as a compelling psychological novel. I am sure that a history like this one - whose real-life protagonists have had the strength and courage to live by their own intuitions, to live through their own feelings (in sharp distinction from the ubiquitous drabness of more common outlooks on life), and further, to articulate those feelings intelligently and with humor (even if the final outcome should end tragically) - will appeal to a wide audience. The book's publication became an "event" thanks to the addition of a CD-rom of music and performances by Andrzej Czajkowski.

Roswitha Matwin Buschmann

Wislawa Szymborska, the 1996 recipient of the Nobel prize for literature, wrote to Anita Halina Janowska (Halina Sander) after the book was published: "You have made me enormously happy with this book. So little is known about Andrzej Czajkowski, that this correspondence provides an invaluable source of information on him, as a musician and as a person... Besides that, it is a genuine love story, about the difficult, complicated, but constantly revived relations between two remarkable people."

Andrzej Czajkowski is the protagonist of a long and moving story by Hanna Krall from her book "Proofs of Existence" (published in Germany by Verlag Neue Kritik, Frankfurt). Polish edition by Wydawnictwo SIEDMIOROG Anita Halina Janowska (Halina Sander) The Letters of Andrzej Czajkowski and Halina Sander ...moj diabel stróz "... my guardian demon" [A brief sample:]

Brussels, 12.10.56
Halinka, my darling, why haven't you written to me for so long? (...) I love you like I've never loved you before, I cry like a baby, I don't so much think about you as sense you. The only memories I'm not afraid of digging up are our mutual ones. The only hope which doesn't seem nonsensical is OURS. (...)
Halinka, I'm so sad here - how good that you're in this world.
Your Andrzej

[Radiogram from Brussels] 21.10.56
We'll call our son Gaspard what do you think? Write soon.
Kisses, Andrzej

[Telegram from Warsaw] 21.10.56
I want him to be called Daniel.
Kisses, Halinka

Warsaw, 26.10.56
To the presumed father of our putative children!
Thanks for the touching radiogram, but where did you get GASPARD from? Are you aiming, creatively speaking, to complete with Ravel himself? I'd prefer Daniel because there's a prophet, and a writer, and a defender of the oppressed, and on top of that a Biblical figure, so the heritage is right!
It's hard to believe that Daniel will leap out of your head like Pallas Athene from that of Zeus, so you'll have to come back, darling. One swallow doesn't make a summer (...).

New York, 8.11.57
My poor little Funnyface,
I came back to New York the day before yesterday and found your three letters. (...). Halinka, it's quite simple: you can't leave Marek now. (...). So, do marry Marek, but that doesn't mean you shouldn't come to Paris in the summer. On the contrary, it could be a dream honeymoon for you. (...). As Sacha Guitry puts it: "If you want to punish your wife's seducer, the greatest revenge would be to let him keep her." (...). I have an urge to hug you both and to give you my blessing - I am very moved: to think that I came within a whisker of ruining your life. (...). Your old Andrzej.
PS I was at Horowitz's He's old, sick and sad. His wife's eyes follow him, and they're filled with love. They have not said a word to each other in four years. I'd really like to die young.
A.
Translated by Jacek Laskowski

(1996) Dowody Na Istnienie (Proofs of Existence)
Books by Polish author Hanna Krall, such as Dowody Na Istnienie (Proofs of Existence), center on the lives and fates of ordinary people, with the Holocaust often as a backdrop. The chapter "Hamlet" concerns André Tchaikowsky (Andrzej Czajkowski), his struggle, his survival, and his skull donation. (In Polish)

(1992) Radio Broadcast
Radio Broadcast "A Study in Contrast" from July 10, 1992, narrated by pianist David Owen Norris: study_in_contrast.mp3

(1986) de Musica Interview
Click Here for a PDF file (in Polish and English) of an interview with David Ferré (author of the André Tchaikowsky biography and webmaster for this website) and Anita Halina Janowska (author of My Guardian Devil). This interview took place in September 1986 for de Musica and also appears in the 2nd and 3rd editions of My Guardian Devil.

(1985) André Tchaikowsky (Music and Musicians)
Second of the original magazine articles written by David A. Ferré in 1985, one of the articles that launched 25+ years of additional research.

(1985) A Note on André Tchaikowsky (The Musical Times)
First of the original magazine articles written by David A. Ferré in 1985, one of the articles that launched 25+ years of additional research.

(1982) Book of Remembrance (Oxford Crematorium)
Images from the Book of Remembrance for the date June 26th, a book that resides at the Oxford Crematorium where André was cremated. His ashes were later scattered at a favorite Oxford park where André was known to take long walks and a place he enjoyed very much. The musical notes on the inscription are from André's composition, Trio Notturno, a work performed at André's funeral on July 2, 1982. The world premiere performance was two days later at the Cheltenham Festival on July 4th, 1982, an event that André was looking forward to with great anticipation. Eve Harrison remembers:

"André was so looking forward to this performance but he was so very ill and thin by now; none of his clothes fitted and I remember driving from Cumnor to Oxford to buy him a new wardrobe for the event. Sadly he died 8 days before this premiere. However, the BBC, specially recorded the piece with Peter Frankl, György Pauk and Ralph Kirshbaum on a tape cassette which Terry and I played to him the night before he died. So, although he missed the concert he did get to hear the work; and despite being heavily sedated, there was a very strong reaction from him. It was an amazing and joyous moment."

A website that reports Jewish-centric events on June 26th, including André's passing - Click Here.

(1980) André Tchaikowsky legally recognizes his father
Because there was no supporting paperwork of André's actual birth, legal papers were prepared to show, 1st, the marriage of his mother Felicja Rappaport and Karl Krauthammer (marriage extract from 1934), and 2nd, an explanation where the name Czajkowski came from (two handwritten sheets by André). This paperwork was duly notarized and became part of the public record.

(1971) Radio New Zealand and Bum at the Keyboard
Let conductor Christopher Seaman tell this André story when he was conducting in New Zealand in 1971.

"The second half of the concert was the Siegfried Idyll by Wagner, and then next came André with the Rachmaninoff/Paganini. André said to me, 'I would love to hear the Wagner.' I told him, 'Well, you're always back stage warming up. Why don't you take a gamble tonight? Don't warm up if you want to hear it. Come and listen.' The Siegfried Idyll is one of my favorite pieces. It has a wonderful atmosphere at the end, very serene and tranquil.

"Suddenly at the end; we've just finished the piece, and I suddenly heard, 'Bravo! Bravo!' I turned around and there was some lunatic in a dirty raincoat walking down the aisle. I focused my eyes -- it was Tchaik. He'd been sitting right at the back. He made a real 'Is-there-a-doctor-in-the-house?' entrance through the audience in his raincoat and jumped up on the stage, knocking over some potted plants from the edge of the platform. I thought maybe he had been drinking, but he hadn't. The audience didn't know who it was until I removed this dirty, beige-colored raincoat. They saw the man standing in his tails and they realized that it was the soloist. Then they all clapped and he sat down at the piano. I was furious, absolutely furious.

"We then started the Rachmaninoff/Paganini and after about five minutes, he started to play staccato where it was normally legatto. I thought, 'This is a bit odd.' I looked around and he's sitting there: 'Chris! The pedal has fallen off the piano!' I thought, 'Serves you right, serves you right.' I said, 'Do you want me to stop?' He said, 'Yes, yes!' So I stopped and André stood up and said, 'Ladies and gentleman, I'm afraid the pedal's fallen off the piano.' I said, 'Well, we'd better put it back, hadn't we?' So I got under his piano on all fours and put the pedal back on. It only took a minute or two. Then we got on with the piece."

From the archive of Radio New Zealand, hear broadcaster Peter Kingston tell the story:

(1970) Video - André Tchaikowsky and violinist Kyung Wha Chung
This brief video shows André Tchaikowsky and violinist Kyung Wha Chung in rehearsal with the Sibelius violin concerto. Thanks to Meloclassic for this amazing find. (For many more videos discovered by Meloclassic, Click Here.)

(1967) Interview with André about piano competitions
Interviewed in June 1967 by Radio New Zealand, André gives insight how piano competitions can assist a pianist in developing their career. And the dangers, all of which very much sounds like André's own story.

To hear André Tchaikowsky play the piano concerto mentioned in this interview (Defossez - Concerto for Piano and Orchestra, from the 1956 Queen Elisabeth Competition), Click Here.

(1962) Video of André Tchaikowsky playing the Prokofiev Piano Concerto No. 3
Courtesy of Swedish Radio/Television is this full performance of André Tchaikowsky playing the Prokofiev Piano Concerto No. 3 with the Swedish Radio and Television Orchestre conducted by Sixten Ehrling. The broadcast date was April 15, 1962.

(1960) Video story of André playing the Ravel G Major Concerto (or not)
Introduced by pianist David Owen Norris is this André Tchaikowsky story about his performance of the Ravel G Major piano concerto. The story is told by Terry Harrison, André's former manager. The Hungarian conductor, Carl Garaguly, conducted André in this concert.

The scene: Bergen, Norway for a scheduled concert on March 3rd, 1960. André arrives the day before the concert for a rehearsal of the Ravel G Major piano concerto.

(1958) Pontifical Catholic University of Peru "Bulletin" - André Tchaikowsky Interview
Adela Barrio Tarnawiecki, a student at La Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), boldly asked André Tchaikowsky if he would consent to an interview for the PUCP "Bulletin" student newspaper. Tarnawiecki, and three other students, met André the day after his concert for a cup of tea and to talk. Click Here to read the complete interview (English).

(1957) Program from André's 1st USA Concert
André arrived in New York City to start his first US concert tour in October 1957. The first concert was with the New York Philharmonic with Dimitri Mitropoulos conductor, playing the Prokofiev Piano Concerto No. 3. The program below shows the true concert date of October 13, 1957, which was supposed to be October 10, 1957 but there was a delay because of a musician's strike. Note that the short biography has the usual errors: both his parents were not killed in the war; he did not escape to Paris. Paris came later.

  

(1955) Brief video clip of Andrzej Czajkowski from 1955 Chopin Competition
Running just 2 seconds in the original video, here is a slow motion clip of Andrze Czajkowski at the 1955 Chopin Competition. The original source of the clip is from YouTube (at 39 seconds). Click the image below to run the clip in Vimeo (https://vimeo.com/138024876).

  

(1955) Grave of André's grandmother, Celina Sandler-Czajkowska
The grave of André's grandmother is located in Warsaw, Poland, in Cmentarz Wojskowy (Powazki Military Cemetery), address: Powazkowska 43. There is another cemetery on this same street of the same name but not Wojskowy (Military). Bus 180 will take you to the cemetery. Click Here (PDF file) for detailed instructions for finding the grave.

The original family home at Przejazd 1, did not survive WW2. A fountain in front of Warsaw's Muranów cinema stands on the site of his family home today.

Celina Czajkowska Gravestone	Feline seemingly standing guard
Hanna Milewska (l) and Eve Harrison	Ignacy Romanowicz was Celina's son

  

(1948) Celina Janina Czajkowska Testimony
The 1948 testimony shows a Paris, France address (the address of Celina's sister, Mala Zaiden) C. Sandler, 38 rue de Martyrs, Paris IX, France. It was the time between the 1947 and 1948 testimonies when André and Celina moved from Lodz to Paris so André could start his piano studies. This testimony is in greater length and is written mainly to try and help Mrs. Elza Zelichowska who had fallen on hard times. Click Here to read the 1948 testimony in English. Click Here to read in Polish. (Courtesy of the Jewish Historical Institute of Warsaw, Poland)

(1947) Celina Janina Czajkowska Testimony
The Jewish Historical Institute (JHI) was created in Warsaw in 1947 to, among other things, collect testimonials from survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto. Similar to Andrzej Czajkowski, grandmother Celina Janina Czajkowska gave testimonies to the JHI. The first testimony given in 1947 includes the address in Lodz where Andrzej and Celina were living, specifically, 56/8 Piotrkowska Street. The 1947 testimony is brief and summarizes the help Celina received from Mrs. Elza Zelichowska to escape the ghetto, mentioning the bribe paid by Mrs. Elza Zelichowska on behalf of Celina. Click Here to read the 1947 testimony in English. Click Here to read in Polish. (Courtesy of the Jewish Historical Institute of Warsaw, Poland)

(1947) Andrzej Czajkowski [Krauthamer] Testimony
The Jewish Historical Institute (JHI) was created in Warsaw in 1947 to, among other things, collect testimonials from survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto. Click Here to read the testimonial given by Andrzej Czajkowski in 1947 (PDF file in English) when he was age 12. Note that for JHI purposes, Andrzej is known as Krauthamer and not Czajkowski. The photograph (below) is part of the 1947 Testimony. (Courtesy of the Jewish Historical Institute of Warsaw, Poland)

Photograph taken during the 1947 testimony.

The following is the Testimony introduction by the recorder, Genia Silkes:

He did not have any siblings, he was an only child. At present, he attends school number 68 – the 6th form. He reads and writes in Polish, English and a little in French (he learnt it himself).

A big boy with an open smiling face, with black eyes and black hair. Very gifted, intelligent and well-read. His intellectual level is many years ahead of his physiological development. He is talented and shows great writing and musical skills. He creates, composes and performs his own musical pieces. Very warm, good and childlike, and at the same time very reasonable, tolerant and serious. Extremely attached to his grandmother, the only person who he survived the occupation with and to whom he is very attached. He is very absentminded, nervous and impatient. He reads too much and associates too much with adults, which has a negative influence on his personality

(1928 - 1938) Grandmother Celina Sandler as a Beautician
A bit of history. André's grandmother, Celina Sandler (later Celina Czajkowska, and on her tombstone, Celina Janina Sandler-Czajkowska) was a frequent visitor to Paris, and it was there that Celina had an entrepreneurial idea to study the cosmetics industry in Paris and then bring her training and skills back to Warsaw. For training in Paris, she chose the Université de Beauté "Cedib" and later the Service des Instituts de Beauté "Ravis." As a graduate of these universities, she became both a beautician professor and a franchise holder in Warsaw, and was, thus, fully qualified to offer beautician diplomas to her Warsaw students. Further, her connections included a Cedib chemist who came to Warsaw to train Celina's brother, Michael Swieca, in the manufacture of the Cedib line of cosmetics. Celina, then, did not only train beauticians in Poland but also sold them her line of cosmetic products.

The full effects of the worldwide depression from the late 1920s and into the 1930s came full-force to Poland as well and Celina's business was in peril. In desperation, she took Cedib products manufactured by her brother out the back door of the factory and sold them at below wholesale prices. Celina also sold suits from her husband's closet to raise money to keep her business alive. Michael Swieca, discovering the betrayal, demanded full payment of the stolen cosmetics. Instead, Celina and daughter Felicja (André's mother) escaped to Paris, to live with Celina's sister, Mala. This was mostly likely late 1932 or early 1933. In January 1935, Celina returned from Paris to resume her cosmetics school but this time based on her training with Service des Instituts de Beauté "Ravis."

Felicja was married in Paris to Karl Krauthammer in December, 1934 and did not return to Warsaw with her mother in early 1935. A few months later, Felicja was pregnant with André and decided to return to Warsaw to have the baby. Karl was promised a job at Celina's husband's law office and came to Warsaw as well, but when this didn't work out, Karl returned to Paris to reluctantly work at the family fur trade business. Once Karl had things setup for Felicja's return to Paris, he sent for her but Felicja refused and decided on divorce instead, and stayed on in Warsaw to have her baby on November 1, 1935.

The webmaster is grateful to Piotr Nazaruk of Biala Podlaska, Poland, for his valuable research that first discovered this trove of materials into the life and times of Celina Sandler. The webmaster is also grateful to http://polona.pl (National Library of Poland Archive) for their assistance. The advertisements below were selected from 109 archival examples.

	Université de Beauté "Cedib" graduation photo of Grandmother Celina Sandler (1928).
	October 28, 1928. The first known advertisement by Celina Sandler. The address Przejazd 1, was Celina's home address. This ad appeared in the newspaper Nasz Przeglad ('Our Review'), which was a Polish-Jewish newspaper but widely read. Click Here for a PDF of this issue of Nasz Przeglad. Celina's ad is on page 10.
	September 2, 1931 Advertisements continued but now a simplified (and less expensive) classified ad instead of a display ad. She is still operating her business out of her home. Click Here for a PDF of this issue of Nasz Przeglad. Celina's ad is on page 12.
	August 7, 1932 The first advertisement with Celina's new address on the fashionable Three Crosses Square 11. Her business was no longer operated out of her home on Przejazd 1. And it's the more expensive display ad. Click Here for a PDF of this issue of Polska Zbrojna. Celina's advertisement is on page 11.
	August 30, 1932 The last known advertisement until Celina resumed her business in January 1935. This gap in advertisements between 1932 and 1935 was due to Celina quitting her business and moving to Paris with her daughter Felicja. Click Here for a PDF of this issue of Polska Zbrojna. Celina's advertisement is on page 9.
	January 6, 1935 Celina returned to Warsaw in early 1935 and only weeks after her daughter's wedding to Karl Krauthammer in December 1934. Given the advance dates required for advertisements, it must have been known well in advance about Celina's return. And she comes back to Three Crosses Square 11. This expensive display ad appeared in the January 6, 1935 issue of Nasz Przeglad. Click Here for a PDF of this issue. Celina's ad appears on page 14.
	April 28, 1935 Continuing her advertisements, this time in the Nasz Przeglad Illustrated section, the display ad is increased in size and one would expect, increased in expense as well. Click Here for the PDF of this issue of Nasz Przeglad Illustrated. Celina's ad is on page 6.
	January 17, 1936 Celina also traveled extensively giving cosmology courses in cities that included Lodz, Lwów, Wilno, and Biala Podlaska. This advertisement is from the Biala Podlaska Bialer Wochenblat and is written in Yiddish (except for this ad). Click Here for the PDF of this issue of the Bialer Wochenblat. Celina's ad is on page 1.
	September 28, 1938 This is Celina's last known advertisement. It appeared in the Nasz Przeglad and was a simple classified ad. Celina had a heart attack in 1938 and this might have been about this time. In any event, the business was closed. Click Here for the PDF of this issue of Nasz Przeglad. Celina's ad is on page 34.
	Celina Janina Sandler-Czajkowska (1935) One must remember that Celina was somewhat known in Warsaw, who advertised in Polish/Jewish newspapers, but when the Warsaw Ghetto was formed and Jews had to enter the ghetto area and Aryans had to leave the ghetto area, it was then that Celina passed herself off as an Aryan and moved out. (The family home at Przejazd 1 was actually within the ghetto walls.) As an Aryan, Celina was able to come and go into the ghetto as she pleased, which many Aryan citizens often did to buy items for sale in the ghetto at terrific bargain prices. If she had been caught, the penalty was execution. It was during one of these trips when she was leaving the ghetto that she was holding the hand of a small child, and either by bluff or bribe, was able to bring this child out of the ghetto. Their papers identified them both: Celina Czajkowka and Andrzej Czajkowski.
	Celina Janina Sandler-Czajkowska (1945) When Celina had her first heart attack in 1938, the doctor's advice was to live a simple and stress-free life! Celina lost brothers, sisters, and her two children in the war. Only Andrzej remained and it was to him that she would dedicate the rest of her life. After Andrzej showed remarkable talent at the keyboard, Celina was informed that Andrzej needed advanced training and best the piano teacher in the world was considered to be Lazare Levy at the Paris Conservatory. Penniless through she was, she also had a fantastic imagination that somehow it could be worked out, and Andrzej could study with Lazare Levy. And it did work out with Andrzej accepted into the class of Lazare Levy at the age of 12. Later graduating from the Paris Conservatory at the age of 15, Andrzej won first prizes in performance and sight reading. As a gift to his teacher, Andrzej wrote for Lazare Levy a composition with an original theme, and with more than 30 variations.
	Celina Janina Sandler-Czajkowska (1952) This is the last known photograph of Celina. Three years later, she would have her last heart attack and would die on February 11, 1955 at the home of Irena Paskowska. Irena had married Celina's son, Ignacy, in 1939 but Ignacy was executed by the Nazis in 1943 after he was discovered making bombs for the Polish Resistance. Irena remarried a few years after the war ended. Celina was 66 years old at the time of her death. I have always been deeply moved by the life of this remarkable woman. One can hardly imagine the chances she took, the bravery shown at every step, and her dedication to her grandson Andrzej Czajkowski.